Crossdressers in oorlogstijd (6) - Negentiende eeuw


Albert Cashier (1843–1915)



born Jennie Irene Hodgers, was an Irish-born individual who served three years in the Union Army during the American Civil War as a male soldier, and lived the next fifty years as a man.

Maria Quitéria (1792–1853)


She was a heroine in the independence of Brazil, when she fought against the Portuguese troops in Bahia. Later, she was awarded by the Emperor Dom Pedro I.

Jane Dieulafoy (1851–1916) was a French woman who, when her husband enlisted during the Franco-Prussian War, dressed as a man and fought alongside them.

Nadezhda Durova (1783–1866) was a decorated Russian cavalry soldier of the Napoleonic Wars who spent nine years disguised as a man.

Eleonore Prochaska (1785–1813) was a German woman soldier who fought in the Lützow Free Corps during the War of the Sixth Coalition.

Friederike Krüger (1789–1848) was a soldier in the Prussian army.

James Barry (c. 1792–1795 – 1865) was a military surgeon in the British Army who was born female and named Margaret Ann Bulkley.[9]

Anna Lühring (1796–1866) (sometimes wrongly referred to as Anna Lührmann) was a German soldier in the Lützow Free Corps during the Napoleonic Wars.

Nathaniel Lyon (1818–1861) General for the Union during the American Civil War, allegedly dressed as a woman to spy on an enemy encampment.

Giuseppa Bolognara Calcagno (1826–1884)



Zij was een heldin in de bevrijding van Catania ter ondersteuning van Garibaldi's Expeditie van de Duizend (Italiaans: Spedizione dei Mille), een gebeurtenis in de strijd voor de eenwording van Italië die plaatsvond in 1860. De naam van de expeditie is afgeleid van het aanvankelijke aantal deelnemers, dat ongeveer 1.000 mensen bedroeg. Ze droeg alleen mannenkleren, leefde als een man tussen de mannelijke soldaten en kreeg de Zilveren Medaille van Militaire Dapperheid.

Frances Clayton (c. 1830 – after 1863) was an American woman who disguised herself as a man to fight for the Union Army in the American Civil War.

Mária Lebstück (1831–1892) was a Hussar officer during the Hungarian War of Independence of 1848 and 1849 under the name Károly Lebstück.

Martina Pierra de Poo (1833–1900) dressed as a male soldier while fighting for Cuban independence during the Lopez Expedition.

Sarah Rosetta Wakeman (1843–1864) served with the Union Army in the American Civil War under the Alias of Lyons Wakeman and Edwin R. Wakeman. Her letters remain one of the few surviving primary accounts of female soldiers in the American Civil War.

Sarah Emma Edmonds (1841-1898)



Mollie Bean served with the Confederate Army in the American Civil War under the alias Melvin Bean.
Mary and Molly Bell, cousins who both served with the Confederate Army in the American Civil War.

Cathay Williams (1844–1892) was a former slave who became the first recorded African-American woman in the U.S. Army.

Loreta Janeta Velazquez a.k.a. "Lieutenant Harry Buford" (1842 – c. 1897) – A Cuban woman who donned Confederate garb and served as a Confederate officer and spy during the war.[12][13]

Rani of Jhansi (1828–1858) fought in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 by dressing as a sowar on behalf of her adopted son. Her identity was revealed when she was slain in battle.

Tringë Smajli (1880–1917), known simply as Tringe Smajli, and as Yanitza outside Albania, was an Albanian guerrilla fighter who fought against the Ottoman Empire in the Malësia region. She was the daughter of Smajl Martini, a Catholic clan leader of the Grudë tribe of Malësia as a burnesha, at the time of her brother's deaths, Tringe became a sworn virgin – she took a vow of chastity and wore male clothing in order to live as a man in the patriarchal northern Albanian society.

Madame Imbert


Louise Imbert was geboren als als meisje als Louise Nay. Zij tartte de gendernormen van haar tijd door als soldaat deel te nemen aan de Frans-Pruisische oorlog (1870- 1871). Nadat zij was teruggekeerd uit de oorlog hield zij het "mannelijke" voorkomen dat ze zich tijdens de oorlog eigen had gemaakt en bleef zij een mannenkleren dragen, terwijl dat destijds verboden was  en droeg zij het haar kort. 

z. ook:

Madame Imbert, héroine et feministe, colmplexe et oublié